New Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Unusual Presentation and Multi-Organ Involvement after Covid-19 Vaccination in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52547/rh64ar35Keywords:
COVID-19, Vaccine, Autoimmune diseases, Systemic lupus erythematosusAbstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been crucial in reducing deaths and hospitalizations. However, vaccination may trigger autoimmune responses. We present the first case of new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in a 12-year-old girl, three weeks after receiving the first dose of Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine. Complications of COVID-19 vaccines are typically mild. There have been reports of a potential association between the vaccines and autoimmune disorders. However, severe events are rare. Vaccination for COVID-19 is recommended even for those with a genetic predisposition to autoimmune disease, as the advantages of preventing COVID-19 outweigh the potential risks of acquiring autoimmune diseases.
Downloads
References
1. Cascella M, Rajnik M, Aleem A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19) [Updated 2023 Aug 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/. Subscription required.
2. Jara LJ, Vera-Lastra O, Mahroum N, Pineda C, ShoenfeldY. Autoimmune post-COVID vaccine syndromes: does the spectrum of autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome expand?Clinical Rheumatology. 2022 May;41(5):1603-9.
3. Chen Y, Xu Z, Wang P, et al. New-onset autoimmune phenomena post-COVID-19 vaccination. Immunology. 2022 Apr;165(4):386-401.
4. Sagy I, Zeller L, Raviv Y, Porges T, Bieber A, Abu-Shakra M. New-onset systemic lupus erythematosus following BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a case series and literature review. Rheumatology International. 2022 Dec;42(12):2261-6.
5. Rohilla R, Kakkar AK, Divyashree K, Mohindra R, Suri
V. Recombinant protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine-induced Guillain-Barré Syndrome in an adolescent: A case report. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2023 Feb;89(2):556-60.
6. Garcia LP, Gladman DD, Urowitz M, Touma Z, Su J, Johnson SR. New EULAR/ACR 2019 SLE classification criteria: defining ominosity in SLE. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2021 Jun 1;80(6):767-74.
7. Tiao J, Feng R, Carr K, Okawa J, Werth VP. Using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria to determine the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2016 May 1;74(5):862-9.
8. Jung JY, Suh CH. Infection in systemic lupus erythematosus, similarities, and differences with lupus flare. The Korean journal of internal medicine. 2017 May;32(3):429.
9. Galeotti C, Bayry J. Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases following COVID-19. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2020 Aug;16(8):413-4.
10. Ramachandran L, Dontaraju VS, Troyer J, Sahota J. New onset systemic lupus erythematosus after COVID-19: a case report. AME Case Reports. 2022;6.
11. Agmon-Levin N, Zafrir Y, Paz Z, Shilton T, Zandman-Goddard G, Shoenfeld Y. Ten cases of systemic lupus erythematosus related to hepatitis B vaccine. Lupus. 2009 Nov;18(13):1192-7.
12. Lemoine C, Padilla C, Krampe N , et al. Systemic lupus erythematous after Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine: a case report. Clinical Rheumatology. 2022 May;41(5):1597-601.
13. Watad A, De Marco G, Mahajna H, et al. Immune-mediated disease flares or new-onset disease in 27 subjects following mRNA/DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Vaccines. 2021 Apr 29;9(5):435.
14. Saleh AM, Khalid A, Alshaya AK, Alanazi SM. Systemic lupus erythematosus with acute pancreatitis and vasculitic rash following COVID-19 vaccine: a case report and literature review. Clinical Rheumatology. 2022 May;41(5):1577-82.
15. Nelson MC, Rytting H, Greenbaum LA, Goldberg B. Presentation of SLE after COVID vaccination in a pediatric patient. BMC rheumatology. 2022 Dec;6(1):1-7.
16. Xianbin W, Mingyu W, Dong X , et al. Peripheral neuropathies due to systemic lupus erythematosus in China. Medicine. 2015 Mar;94(11).