Vol. 13 No. 4 (2019): July
About the cover:Mesenchymal stem cells have immunomodulatory properties through their paracrine effects with different mechanisms. MSCs predominantly improve renal regeneration by secretion of different growth factors, cytokines and chemokines which decrease inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; DCs: Dendritic cells; MO: Monocytes; MΦ:Macrophages; Treg cells: Regulatory T cells; Th: T helper; Nk cells: Natural killer cells; PMN: polymorphonuclear neutrophils PGE2: prostaglandin E2; IDO: indoleamine 2, 3-dioxgenase; TGFβ: transforming growth factor; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; IL: Interleukin; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-α; iNOS: inducible nitric-oxide synthase; HO1: haem oxygenase-1; sHLA-G5: soluble HLA-G5; NO: nitric oxide; TSG-6: TNF-stimulated gene 6 protein; IFN-γ: interferon gamma.
